Five Years After 9/11, Our National Nightmare

FIVE YEARS AFTER 9/11,OUR NATIONAL NIGHTMARE


By Frosty Wooldridge
September 11, 2006

Do you remember this day five years ago? Do you remember the horror, astonishment and confusion you felt? Do you remember your bewilderment?

Katie Couric, Diane Sawyer, Harry Smith, Dan Rather, Peter Jennings, Tom Brokaw, Fox and CNN brought 9/11 into your home with anguishing clarity.

At that ugly moment in history, George Bush sat seven minutes in an elementary classroom after being told of planes crashing into the World Trade Towers—paralyzed in his mind and body. He didn’t know what to do. Neither did we!

Our nation suffered unheard of trauma that day. Europe, Asia and Africa knew the ravages of war, but not America. We continued unscathed and untouched until 9/11. Are we more secure today? Short answer: in a pig’s eye!

What has happened to America for the past five years may be likened to a tsunami’s origin, which is an earthquake under the ocean, but you can’t see the catastrophic results until it hits the beaches miles and hours later.

What can’t Americans see as we go about our daily business?

For starters, Osama Bin Laden roams Iraq’s mountains as a symbol of Muslim defiance coupled with terrorism, as well as inspiration. Muslims honor Bin Laden as the god of payback to the West. Bush can’t find him and the CIA shut down their units searching for him.

Unknown to you, the Bin Laden family, long time friends of Bush I, invested $10 million in Bechtel, an American company receiving the second most contracts for rebuilding Iraq. It’s anybody’s guess how much Halliburton, Cheney’s old company, makes off American taxpayers while American soldiers die in the indolent sands of Iraq. When it comes to this war, follow the money as to why it continues. For a queasy reminder, why do you think Vietnam continued for 10 years? Follow the money! Lyndon Baines Johnson was the most corrupt man ever to inhabit the White House.

Around the world, as I found out last summer in my travels through Europe and from letters flowing into my computer from all over the world, the United States is less respected, less appreciated and not liked for George Bush’s provocation of the Iraq War based on lies of weapons of mass destruction. They still ask why Bush didn’t allow the weapons inspectors to do their jobs.

Are we safer? In Iraq, Bush has killed over 50,000 civilians. He’s created sectarian chaos. He’s invaded a sovereign nation without provocation. The United States is not one ounce safer. Bush’s barbaric use of depleted uranium bombs on tens of thousands of civilians in Iraq exceeds ethical boundaries. He spawned a new kind of Islamic rage against America. They seethe with anger and revenge.

Bush stymied a full investigation of 9/11. Ask Peter Gadiel and all other victims of that horrific day. Credible conspiracy evidence exposes an inside job that some in the administration knew about. For a second example, Franklin Delano Roosevelt sacrificed 3,000 sailors at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. His knowledge of the attack is no longer denied. At some point, Bush may not escape the same fate of history’s watchdogs.

Bush keeps America in a constant state of fear as he abuses power and privilege. Instead of leadership, he uses intimidation and platitudes. He pretends to make America safer while he invites millions of people to illegally cross our borders. His own administration admits the next attack, “…isn’t a matter of if, but when.”

He repeats like a broken record of his “War on Terror.” He can’t win in Iraq or Afghanistan, but he won’t leave. For his inane cowboy rhetoric, he’s fanning terrorist flames in the hearts of thousands of Muslims to get even with us. Meanwhile our finest young people die or become crippled by Bush’s War. He’s a fool to think he can bring democracy to a land that followed theocracy for the past 1,600 years under Islam. He doesn’t have enough common sense or knowledge of history to understand that democracy is an advanced form of governance; it’ can’t be shoved down someone’s ancient culture or succeed with illiterate people voting with a dyed finger.

He doesn’t understand that Iraq now stands waist deep in a civil war. If Bush truly understood his role as a world leader, he would suggest splitting Iraq into three sections: Sunnis, Kurds and Shiites. How simple! How compelling! How rational!

The more force Bush uses, the more it responds in kind. We learned that fact in Vietnam. He’s gotten 2,600 young men and women killed. He’s crippled 17,000 young lives that must now hobble through this world with single, double, triple and quadruple amputations—and many other God forsaken war injuries. Meanwhile, he bankrupts our country, our citizens and our hope for a better world. We stand at $8.4 trillion in debt as the war adds $300 billion in September. He ignores Article IV Section 4 of the U.S. Constitution. He favors corporation profits over American jobs. He’s dismantling our Middle Class. He openly works to destroy our sovereignty by displacing us out of our own country with millions of illegal alien migrants. He’s Balkanizing us faster than a lightning bolt.

Safer? That’s a hoot! Worldwide terrorism increased 300 percent since 2003.

In the meantime, he’s broken the U.S. Constitution as to First, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Amendment rights. He’s vulnerable for impeachment. That’s why our founders placed that consequence into the Constitution.

It is clear, after six years, he is not a competent leader. He is, however, our public servant. He and Congress serve us. They and Bush should serve our Constitution instead of violating it. He should serve America’s interests instead of corporations’ interests. He should secure our borders and not Iraq’s or Korea’s. He should stop outsourcing, insourcing and offshoring of our jobs. He should work for a balanced budget. He should work to get 14 million unemployed Americans back to work. He should withdraw from Iraq and Afghanistan while leaving the Muslim world to its own devices. He should mind our borders by enforcing our laws. He fails!

Remember this: if you walk into a stranger’s back yard, the guard dog will bark, bite and defend its turf for as long as you trespass. It’s no different in the Muslim world. We need to get out of the Middle East. Pay for their oil and get out of their lives and cultures. Better yet, Bush needs to spend $300 billion for alternative energy research which would allow us to vacate the Middle East for good.



In six short years, he’s caused more damage to the United States internally than any other president in US history. As he crusades in his “War on Terror,” our southern neighbor invades us with drugs, drug runners, diseases, crime, an endless line of migrants, destruction of our schools, prisons and hospitals. He works more for those who break our laws than for those of us who abide by our laws.



How bad was 9/11? For those affected, it killed their loved ones’ dreams and destroyed 3,000 lives. My heart, mind and spirit extend to each of them. As fellow Americans and human beings, I extend my deepest sympathies and shared pain.

George Bush’s legacy shall reach farther than 9/11’s destruction of 3,000 lives; he’s on course to destroy our nation by ignoring our United States Constitution.

Would you like to support the PRR? Send donations to: 21st Century Paul Revere Ride at POB 207, Louisville, CO 80027. www.21stCenturyPaulRevereRide.us; www.carryingcapacity.org; www.numbersusa.com; The Wake Up America Foundation - thewakeupamericafoundation.com. Also, check out Illegal Immigration VS Americans for Legal Immigration PAC at 1 866 329 3999; www.theamericanresistance.com; www.ccir.net; www.theByteShow.com; www.projectusa.org; www.borderguardians.org; www.immigrationwatchcanada.com; www.mothersagainstillegalaliens.org; www.unitedpatriotsofamerica.com; www.unitedstates.fm; www.worldfreedomtour.info; My book: “IMMIGRATION’S UNARMED INVASION: DEADLY CONSEQUENCES” Call: 1 888 280 7715. Truth in Action News & Wire Service - Homepage – www.victimsofillegalaliens.org; www.pacinlaw.org; USBorderAlert.com; SanDiegoBorderAlert.com; Welcome to laurierothshow.com



© 2006 Frosty Wooldridge - All Rights Reserved

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by gator

FIVE YEARS AFTER 9/11,OUR NATIONAL NIGHTMARE


By Frosty Wooldridge
September 11, 2006

Do you remember this day five years ago? Do you remember the horror, astonishment and confusion you felt? Do you remember your bewilderment?

Katie Couric, Diane Sawyer, Harry Smith, Dan Rather, Peter Jennings, Tom Brokaw, Fox and CNN brought 9/11 into your home with anguishing clarity.

At that ugly moment in history, George Bush sat seven minutes in an elementary classroom after being told of planes crashing into the World Trade Towers—paralyzed in his mind and body. He didn’t know what to do. Neither did we!

Our nation suffered unheard of trauma that day. Europe, Asia and Africa knew the ravages of war, but not America. We continued unscathed and untouched until 9/11. Are we more secure today? Short answer: in a pig’s eye!

What has happened to America for the past five years may be likened to a tsunami’s origin, which is an earthquake under the ocean, but you can’t see the catastrophic results until it hits the beaches miles and hours later.

What can’t Americans see as we go about our daily business?

For starters, Osama Bin Laden roams Iraq’s mountains as a symbol of Muslim defiance coupled with terrorism, as well as inspiration. Muslims honor Bin Laden as the god of payback to the West. Bush can’t find him and the CIA shut down their units searching for him.

Unknown to you, the Bin Laden family, long time friends of Bush I, invested $10 million in Bechtel, an American company receiving the second most contracts for rebuilding Iraq. It’s anybody’s guess how much Halliburton, Cheney’s old company, makes off American taxpayers while American soldiers die in the indolent sands of Iraq. When it comes to this war, follow the money as to why it continues. For a queasy reminder, why do you think Vietnam continued for 10 years? Follow the money! Lyndon Baines Johnson was the most corrupt man ever to inhabit the White House.

Around the world, as I found out last summer in my travels through Europe and from letters flowing into my computer from all over the world, the United States is less respected, less appreciated and not liked for George Bush’s provocation of the Iraq War based on lies of weapons of mass destruction. They still ask why Bush didn’t allow the weapons inspectors to do their jobs.

Are we safer? In Iraq, Bush has killed over 50,000 civilians. He’s created sectarian chaos. He’s invaded a sovereign nation without provocation. The United States is not one ounce safer. Bush’s barbaric use of depleted uranium bombs on tens of thousands of civilians in Iraq exceeds ethical boundaries. He spawned a new kind of Islamic rage against America. They seethe with anger and revenge.

Bush stymied a full investigation of 9/11. Ask Peter Gadiel and all other victims of that horrific day. Credible conspiracy evidence exposes an inside job that some in the administration knew about. For a second example, Franklin Delano Roosevelt sacrificed 3,000 sailors at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. His knowledge of the attack is no longer denied. At some point, Bush may not escape the same fate of history’s watchdogs.

Bush keeps America in a constant state of fear as he abuses power and privilege. Instead of leadership, he uses intimidation and platitudes. He pretends to make America safer while he invites millions of people to illegally cross our borders. His own administration admits the next attack, “…isn’t a matter of if, but when.”

He repeats like a broken record of his “War on Terror.” He can’t win in Iraq or Afghanistan, but he won’t leave. For his inane cowboy rhetoric, he’s fanning terrorist flames in the hearts of thousands of Muslims to get even with us. Meanwhile our finest young people die or become crippled by Bush’s War. He’s a fool to think he can bring democracy to a land that followed theocracy for the past 1,600 years under Islam. He doesn’t have enough common sense or knowledge of history to understand that democracy is an advanced form of governance; it’ can’t be shoved down someone’s ancient culture or succeed with illiterate people voting with a dyed finger.

He doesn’t understand that Iraq now stands waist deep in a civil war. If Bush truly understood his role as a world leader, he would suggest splitting Iraq into three sections: Sunnis, Kurds and Shiites. How simple! How compelling! How rational!

The more force Bush uses, the more it responds in kind. We learned that fact in Vietnam. He’s gotten 2,600 young men and women killed. He’s crippled 17,000 young lives that must now hobble through this world with single, double, triple and quadruple amputations—and many other God forsaken war injuries. Meanwhile, he bankrupts our country, our citizens and our hope for a better world. We stand at $8.4 trillion in debt as the war adds $300 billion in September. He ignores Article IV Section 4 of the U.S. Constitution. He favors corporation profits over American jobs. He’s dismantling our Middle Class. He openly works to destroy our sovereignty by displacing us out of our own country with millions of illegal alien migrants. He’s Balkanizing us faster than a lightning bolt.

Safer? That’s a hoot! Worldwide terrorism increased 300 percent since 2003.

In the meantime, he’s broken the U.S. Constitution as to First, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Amendment rights. He’s vulnerable for impeachment. That’s why our founders placed that consequence into the Constitution.

It is clear, after six years, he is not a competent leader. He is, however, our public servant. He and Congress serve us. They and Bush should serve our Constitution instead of violating it. He should serve America’s interests instead of corporations’ interests. He should secure our borders and not Iraq’s or Korea’s. He should stop outsourcing, insourcing and offshoring of our jobs. He should work for a balanced budget. He should work to get 14 million unemployed Americans back to work. He should withdraw from Iraq and Afghanistan while leaving the Muslim world to its own devices. He should mind our borders by enforcing our laws. He fails!

Remember this: if you walk into a stranger’s back yard, the guard dog will bark, bite and defend its turf for as long as you trespass. It’s no different in the Muslim world. We need to get out of the Middle East. Pay for their oil and get out of their lives and cultures. Better yet, Bush needs to spend $300 billion for alternative energy research which would allow us to vacate the Middle East for good.



In six short years, he’s caused more damage to the United States internally than any other president in US history. As he crusades in his “War on Terror,” our southern neighbor invades us with drugs, drug runners, diseases, crime, an endless line of migrants, destruction of our schools, prisons and hospitals. He works more for those who break our laws than for those of us who abide by our laws.



How bad was 9/11? For those affected, it killed their loved ones’ dreams and destroyed 3,000 lives. My heart, mind and spirit extend to each of them. As fellow Americans and human beings, I extend my deepest sympathies and shared pain.

George Bush’s legacy shall reach farther than 9/11’s destruction of 3,000 lives; he’s on course to destroy our nation by ignoring our United States Constitution.

Would you like to support the PRR? Send donations to: 21st Century Paul Revere Ride at POB 207, Louisville, CO 80027. www.21stCenturyPaulRevereRide.us; www.carryingcapacity.org; www.numbersusa.com; The Wake Up America Foundation - thewakeupamericafoundation.com. Also, check out Illegal Immigration VS Americans for Legal Immigration PAC at 1 866 329 3999; www.theamericanresistance.com; www.ccir.net; www.theByteShow.com; www.projectusa.org; www.borderguardians.org; www.immigrationwatchcanada.com; www.mothersagainstillegalaliens.org; www.unitedpatriotsofamerica.com; www.unitedstates.fm; www.worldfreedomtour.info; My book: “IMMIGRATION’S UNARMED INVASION: DEADLY CONSEQUENCES” Call: 1 888 280 7715. Truth in Action News & Wire Service - Homepage – www.victimsofillegalaliens.org; www.pacinlaw.org; USBorderAlert.com; SanDiegoBorderAlert.com; Welcome to laurierothshow.com



© 2006 Frosty Wooldridge - All Rights Reserved

---

One of the biggest pieces of crap ever put on this forum.
Micheal Moore would be proud.
If this post wasn't soooo sad and rediculous, it would be funny.

I'm glad it made your day! You blind bat!

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by gator

I'm glad it make your day! You blind bat!

---

You are truly showing what a lowlife you are to post your garbage on Sept 11th. I bet you aren't even an American are you?

As a matter of fact moron I am retired Air Force with over 20 years of services and twice your age, so don't preach your BS to me. If you were a real American you'd get off you ass and start doing some research and find out what your talking about before you run off at the mouth, but then again I must consider your age.

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by gator

As a matter of fact moron I am retired Air Force with over 20 years of services and twice your age, so don't preach your BS to me. If you were a real American you'd get off you ass and start doing some research and find out what your talking about before you run off at the mouth, but then again I must consider your age.

---

Then you must be about 92 years old then.
You obviously spent too much time with your head in the clouds and were oxygen deprived to believe the BS you are posting. The truth has been put out their but you are too stupid to believe it. I just laugh at you conspiracy nuts.:toofunny: :toofunny:

I'm glad your laughing with your tiny little cartoon characters. Its shown just what a childish little kid you are. One day however you won't be laughing.

Peace be still!

I have read the article written by Mr. Wooldridge; it appears that it was placed on a site and have not found it as of this writing! Disregard my staff has found me what I had asked, thank you staff!

Attached is the site, it appears that most of the wording is the same, at a quick glance: Wooldridge -- Five Years After Our National Nightmare

I would agree, the article is written somewhat bias, it points a finger and most accurately, it appears that he is not only anti-Bush as he is anti-illegal immigrant and write thus in his book and articles supporting the sale of his hobbies and life style and beliefs!

This writer has said and I quote: "In Iraq, Bush has killed over 50,000 civilians." This is a bold face lie! The amount killed has not passed 50,000! Ah, so you think President Bush killed all these folks, no you did! If you are an American, you did it! The congressmen & women folk approved the balance of power to allow the "troops" and it's leader, full power to attack the country of Iraq! So, you can say that you are up for murder if you say that you are an American according to Islamic Law, if you do not believe me, just try walking down the street in Iran, Syria, Indonesia, etc... stating that you are who you are and remember to tell them that you believe in "free speech"! If you are a Christian, throw that into your hail of words as they haul you off to be stoned or impaled! (I was going to put a site here, but it is rated "X" as it would give you nightmares of the brutal deaths and torture scenes! It is unbelievable, but true! The nice way to put it as the folks from presecution.com they pray for their enemies, as we all should!)

This show that this writer really has some difficulties with reality: "He doesn't understand that Iraq now stands waist deep in a civil war. If Bush truly understood his role as a world leader, he would suggest splitting Iraq into three sections: Sunnis, Kurds and Shiites. How simple! How compelling! How rational!" It would help the Kurds, as they have always been the third class citizen of Iraq and yes, we have offered help and have backed out, I will not comment as I do not know the entire reasons why we do these things as the same goes on the writers accusation about President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. There has alway been some sort of war going on over there, always been, if you put two Islamic folk in a room, each from a varied area of the same country, they will find something to disagree with and have a fight, much like two gentlemen on this thread! You can suggest splitting a nation, why do you not support splitting the USA into 50 separate countries? Huh? Texas and I believe one of the Carolinas wanted to do this! Why? Because they had a disagreement and did not like how things were going and they wanted to take their ball home and quite!

"He openly works to destroy our sovereignty by displacing us out of our own country with millions of illegal alien migrants." From the article, somewhat true, but even if it was partly true if it is not all truth, then it is a lie as well, nice "BOOK PROMOTION!"

Okay, getting carried away; but when someone writes something and "tries" to spread "half-truths", it gets this Veteran's dandruff up and hands a shaking! Thanks to the "Admin" and site reconstruction, I found this thread! Okay to poke fun and to speak your piece, however, not nice to poke fun at my Commander and Chief, in our role as a country at war, no matter what, if you are an American, you should stand 100% behind him... Same with our troops, promoting anything else, is anti-American and anti-Patriotism!

Like Mike M; if it is bias, then it is a lie, all lies, even if 90% "might" be seen as truth! The writer, writ are 90% lies, there are some truth, he used his correct spelling of his name and that os our presidents and some other writings, some!

Take 911 and what happened in New York City, at the Pentagon, on that field where they said, "Lets roll"! There are some that think that our government did this, that it was a "rocket" or a missile that was driven into the Pentagon, that they "blew-up" the towers with other than planes, that just jet fuel and planes cannot knock down those building! Apparently, they have not been in a fire! Wonder why those folks were jumping out of those buildings?

Well, I am not going to tell you my background, nor am I going to tell you how fire can burn and destroy concrete and even burn steel, etc...If you read the Bible, that would be a great place to start! By the way, I am not religious, as the religion folk has sent more folks to the grave, then anything other reason to fight or to kill.

If you are for peace, then get out there and promote peace, peacefully!

Who can you blame? Take a good look into the looking glass, the next time you shave or put on your makeup or both!

The above site, where I found a clear view of the article posted by this most humble writer, also has the following Disclaimer! Mods/Admin, you can delete the disclaimer if it is a tad bit too long, it is your prerogative and judgment and site/forum!

Wooldridge -- Five Years After Our National Nightmare

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Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 106A, the fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright. In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall include - (1) the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes; (2) the nature of the copyrighted work; (3) the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and (4) the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work. The fact that a work is unpublished shall not itself bar a finding of fair use if such finding is made upon consideration of all the above factors.



United States Code: Title 17, Section 106 Chapter 1 - Subject Matter And Scope of Copyright LII: U.S. Code: Home

Subject to sections 107 through 120, the owner of copyright under this title has the exclusive rights to do and to authorize any of the following: (1) to reproduce the copyrighted work in copies or phonorecords; (2) to prepare derivative works based upon the copyrighted work; (3) to distribute copies or phonorecords of the copyrighted work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending; (4) in the case of literary, musical, dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and motion pictures and other audiovisual works, to perform the copyrighted work publicly; (5) in the case of literary, musical, dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and pictorial, graphic, or sculptural works, including the individual images of a motion picture or other audiovisual work, to display the copyrighted work publicly; and (6) in the case of sound recordings, to perform the copyrighted work publicly by means of a digital audio transmission.



TO: Members of the Faculty, Hoover Institution Fellows,
Academic Staff, and Library Directors

FROM: Condoleezza Rice, Provost

RE: Copyright Reminder

October 30, 1998

This memorandum provides a general description of the applicability of the copyright law and the so-called "fair use" exemptions to the copyright law's general prohibition on copying. It also describes "safe harbor" guidelines applicable to classroom copying.

The federal copyright statute governs the reproduction of works of authorship. In general, works governed by copyright law include such traditional works of authorship as books, photographs, music, drama, video and sculpture, and also software, multimedia, and databases. Copyrighted works are protected regardless of the medium in which they are created or reproduced; thus, copyright extends to digital works and works transformed into a digital format. Copyrighted works are not limited to those that bear a copyright notice. As a result of changes in copyright law, works published since March 1, 1989 need not bear a copyright notice to be protected under the statute.

Two provisions of the copyright statute are of particular importance to teachers and researchers:

* a provision that codifies the doctrine of "fair use," under which limited copying of copyrighted works without the permission of the owner is allowed for certain teaching and research purposes; and

* a provision that establishes special limitations and exemptions for the reproduction of copyrighted works by libraries and archives.

The concept of fair use is necessarily somewhat vague when discussed in the abstract. Its application depends critically on the particular facts of the individual situation. Neither the case law nor the statutory law provides bright lines concerning which uses are fair and which are not. However, you may find it helpful to refer to certain third party source materials. Guidelines for classroom copying by not-for-profit educational institutions have been prepared by a group consisting of the Authors League of America, the Association of American Publishers, and an ad hoc committee of educational institutions and organizations. In addition, fair use guidelines for educational multimedia have been prepared by a group coordinated by the consortium of College and University Multimedia Centers (CCUMC). These guidelines describe safe harbor conditions, but do not purport to define the full extent of "fair use."

The guidelines, as well as other source material, are available through a variety of resources, including through the world wide web site Stanford Copyright & Fair Use Center. Stanford University Libraries & Academic Information Resources, in collaboration with the Council on Library Resources and FindLaw Internet Legal Resources, are sponsors of this web site. The site assembles a wide range of materials related to the use of copyrighted material by individuals, libraries, and educational institutions.

I hope that the discussion below helps to clarify further the nature of "fair use."

I. Fair Use for Teaching and Research

The "fair use" doctrine allows limited reproduction of copyrighted works for educational and research purposes. The relevant portion of the copyright statue provides that the "fair use" of a copyrighted work, including reproduction "for purposes such as criticism, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research" is not an infringement of copyright. The law lists the following factors as the ones to be evaluated in determining whether a particular use of a copyrighted work is a permitted "fair use," rather than an infringement of the copyright:

* the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes;

* the nature of the copyrighted work;

* the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole, and

* the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.

Although all of these factors will be considered, the last factor is the most important in determining whether a particular use is "fair." Where a work is available for purchase or license from the copyright owner in the medium or format desired, copying of all or a significant portion of the work in lieu of purchasing or licensing a sufficient number of "authorized" copies would be presumptively unfair. Where only a small portion of a work is to be copied and the work would not be used if purchase or licensing of a sufficient number of authorized copies were required, the intended use is more likely to be found to be fair.

A federal appeals court recently decided an important copyright fair use case involving coursepacks. In Princeton University Press, et.al. v. Michigan Document Services, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit concluded that the copying of excerpts from books and other publications by a commercial copy service without the payment of fees to the copyright holders to create coursepacks for university students was not fair use. The size of the offending excerpts varied from 30 percent to as little as 5 percent of the original publications. Although the opinion in this case is not binding in California, it is consistent with prior cases from other courts, and there is a reasonable likelihood that the California federal courts would reach a similar conclusion on similar facts.

Where questions arise, we suggest that you consult the guidelines for classroom copying and other available source material available on the fair use web site, cited above. Please note that the guidelines are intended to state the minimum, not the maximum, extent of the fair use doctrine. Thus, just because your use is not within the guidelines, it is it not necessarily outside the scope of fair use. In the absence of a definitive conclusion, however, if the proposed use deviates from the guidelines, you should consider obtaining permission to use the work from the copyright owner. In instances where the fair use question is important and permission would be difficult or expensive to obtain, a member of the Fair Use Advisory Group (described below) or the Legal Office can assist in analyzing whether a particular proposed use would constitute "fair use."

Some photocopying services will obtain copyright permission and add the price of the royalties, if any, to the price of the materials. A request to copy a copyrighted work should generally be sent to the permission department of the publisher of the work. Permission requests should contain the following:

* Title, author, and/or editor, and edition

* Exact material to be used, giving page numbers or chapters

* Number of copies to be made

* Use to be made of the copied materials

* Form of distribution (classroom, newsletter, etc.)

* Whether the material is to be sold

Draft form letters can be obtained from or reviewed by a member of the Fair Use Advisory Group or the Legal Office.

For certain works, permission may also be sought from the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) which will quote a charge for works for which they are able to give permission. The Copyright Clearance Center can be contacted at Copyright.com - Copyright Licensing and Compliance Solutions from Copyright Clearance Center or (978) 750-8400, but it may be easier to go through a copying service that deals regularly with the CCC.

II. Course Reserves

Some libraries at Stanford will refuse to accept multiple photocopies or to make photocopies of copyrighted materials needed for course reserves without first having permission from the copyright holder. Other libraries on campus will accept a limited number of photocopies for course reserves. Consult individual libraries for clarification of their policies.

While the libraries have blanket permission from dozens of journals, obtaining permission sometimes takes a good deal of time. Experience in obtaining permission has shown that an inquiry addressed to a journal publisher frequently produces information that the copyright is actually held by the author, and four weeks is often inadequate to obtain such permission. Four to six weeks is considered the norm.

Permission may be obtained in a number of ways:

* Upon request, some libraries on campus will obtain materials for course reserve. In these cases, the librarian will write to obtain permission to photocopy or to purchase reprints. However, most libraries do not provide this service.

* Written permission may be obtained by the academic department.

* Oral permission may be obtained by faculty members, departmental secretaries, or library staff, in which case a written record is needed of that action.

Note that filling course reserve requirements may require two to three months before the quarter begins if the library does not already have a copy of the publication, if the publication is out of print, or if the copyright holder is not readily available.

III. Resources

Additional information on copyright issues may be found on the world wide web site Stanford Copyright & Fair Use Center.

Questions about the copyright law as it affects faculty and staff in their University capacities should be directed to a member of the Fair Use Advisory Group (see attachment) or to Linda Woodward in the Legal Office (3-9751), who can put you in touch with the appropriate lawyer to respond to your specific question. Questions about library policy and course reserves should be addressed to Assunta Pisani, Associate Director, University Libraries (apisani@sulmail or 3-5553). Information concerning the application of copyright law to computer software can be found in the memorandum "Copying of Computer Software" distributed by the Library and Information Resources and in Administrative Guide Memorandum 62.

Thank you for your cooperation in ensuring the observation of these guidelines.


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