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اEconomic : Development challenges in Iraq
*D. Falah behind spring *
Put the national development strategy for the period (2005-2007) has undertaken a number of ambitious goals, which was the diversification of the productive structure, expanding the role of the private sector, encourage
:Foreign investment, raising the level of human development, get rid of the public sector monopoly of the production process, reducing the support and guidance for vulnerable groups, increase tax revenues, the reform of state enterprises through mergers or privatization, liberalization of foreign trade. After the end of the year 2006 the Ministry of Planning pointed to the weakness of the outcome of the developmental achievement of this year, with the execution rate did not exceed 10%, which indicates the depth of the gap between the percentages of planned and actual delivery rates, and associated reduction in the rate of implementation of the following challenges :
First-security challenge :-linked to the challenge of continuing sabotage and vandalism particularly oil pipelines, which exceeded the losses incurred by (10) billion dollars according to statistics from the Ministry of Oil, in addition to the sabotaging power transmission lines, power stations, which left a profound negative effect on the lives of citizens, as well as the direct targeting of the life of unarmed citizens, as a martyr or get injured dozens of innocent people every day. Associated failure to resolve the security problem for nearly four years of failing to protect Iraq's borders period approximately kilometers (3650) with both Iran and Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Kuwait, Jordan and the continuing infiltration of terrorists or the arrival of military and financial assistance to them. In addition to the failure to put an end to the presence of armed militias and confidentiality pledges that are actively involved in the continuation of the state of chaos and death deployed in Iraq these days. As well as the failure to address the situation of sectarianism, which has dominated the political life and contributed to the complexity of the political and sectarian polarization tightened and the practice of discrimination and conflicts for power.
The challenge of unemployment :-whatever the views on the unemployment data, it is one of the factors of political tensions and economic and social development because of the negative impact of a negative impact on large segments of society are represented in the high dependency rates and the inability of the family of Iraq to meet the needs necessary, and is the challenge of unemployment to halt most productive activities and services except public administration activities of the state and the security the army and police in addition to the trade activities of building and construction.
III. The challenge of poverty :-the consequent high rates of unemployment the continuation of the poverty situation of the vast majority of the population, and the lack of a clear improvement in the level of middle-class incomes, is the phenomenon of poverty today from the dilemmas CHAIRPERSON facing the process of development after it has got attribute to more than (60%), and return the proportion rising to, the high rate of population growth, which hit about (3%) annually, which led to increased rates of dependency and increase labor supply and the high rate of unemployment and the widening scope of the phenomenon of marginalization, also contributed the rise in the inflation rates after raise the prices of derivatives in the reduction of real wages in spite of the the ongoing increases in the monetary incomes were net result is the persistence of high rates of poverty, and provided this situation ample scope to implicate many of the slum dwellers in terrorist acts or pushed them to accede to the armed militias, also led to a high rate of crimes theft, kidnapping and distort the image of the political and social situation in Iraq.
The challenge of corruption :-leading financial and administrative corruption to disrupt the march of development, in addition to the economic and social impact. The inability of the government to fight against corruption a major challenge facing development in Iraq, but evidence points to the intensification of the phenomenon after the year 2003, when the estimated amounts in different ways looted of tens of billions of dollars.
Based on the foregoing it can be said that the Iraqi economy faces in the coming years a number of targets of the strategic nature of some of the short term and the other long-term nature Among the most prominent of those goals :
1- One-the need to combat terrorism in accordance with the political, social, cultural, security and military interrelated, and without it is difficult to imagine any scenario rational for the development of Iraq.
2- - There is a need to expedite the solution of the armed militias involved in the spread of chaos and lawlessness and sabotage, murder and disrupt the economic, social and political.
3- the need to fight financial and administrative corruption stimulant for terrorism
4- There is a need to activate the role of political parties and organizations and figures of democracy and the activation of human rights practices and the rights of minority nationalities and after that dominated armed militias and terrorist organizations on the political scene.
5- -the need to be taken to ensure social justice between groups in society and the fight against unemployment.
6- -need to improve the ability of the national economy to the production of consumer goods necessary.
7- There is a need to increase Iraq's commodity exports agricultural and non-agricultural products and reduce the imported.
8- need to work to transform the Iraqi economy from a yield to the productive economy by taking action to change the productive structure in favor of the manufacturing sector and the agricultural sector.